Single Origin refers to a coffee that is sourced from one single region or country. This means that the coffee has not been blended with beans from a different country or region.
Single Estate takes it one step further and refers to coffee that is from a specific farm. Since its origin can be traced to the farm, there is assurance that the beans will be consistent and of the highest quality. Sometimes it can be broken down even further into micro lots, which are beans that are from a specific lot on a specific farm.
When coffee is labeled as single origin or single estate it denotes quality. A single origin coffee is a much higher quality coffee than a blend, and a single estate is even more so. Flavour profiles are specific to growing regions, so with a single origin coffee you are getting a full, rich, flavour profile from one specific region.